Numerical investigation of the behavior of stone ballast ...
Both tracks with steel slag ballast and stone ballast results are used for validating FEM models which are in a good agreement with the field results . (2) K = ∑ P 2∑ P 1 A where P 2 and P 1 are heavy and the light car weights (kN) and A refers to the area of deflection basin between two types of loads, respectively.